ION:美聯儲四年多來首次加息 點陣圖顯示后面連著還有9次

在結束兩天的會議后，北京時間今天凌晨，美聯儲宣布加息25個基點。

這是2018年以來美國首次加息。

從新聞稿看，聯儲認為價格壓力是普遍的，不只是能源價格，還有勞動力等，目前的失業率已明顯下降（2月份美國CPI通脹率為7.9%，40年來最高；失業率為3.8%，已接近疫前水平）。

聯儲準備從下次會議開始，減少國債和機構債MBS的持有量。

投票委員中，圣路易斯聯儲主席James Bullard投票加息50個基點。

據FT報道，在會后的記者會上，聯儲主席鮑威爾談到加息是為了應對高通脹和緊張的勞動力市場 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

點陣圖（dot plot，投票委員對利率區間的預測）顯示，聯儲官員比三個月前調高了利率預測，預計2022年剩下的時間還將加息6次，2023年加息至少3次。聯邦基金利率屆時將達到2.8%，高于影響經濟增長的“中性位置”（多數官員預測的中性利率為2.4%）。

美聯儲博斯蒂克：會在9月份加息時傾向于75個基點:8月26日消息，美聯儲博斯蒂克表示：數據將決定下一步加息的規模，如果數據很強勁，我會在9月份加息時傾向于75個基點。希望再加息100-125個基點，而且越快越好。希望看到我們的政策利率略高于限制性水平，我認為我們應該（保持高利率）“很長一段時間”。[2022/8/26 12:51:04]

美國CPI（1965-2022）

美國勞動參與率（1948-2022）

聯儲新聞稿如下：

美聯儲威廉姆斯：重要的是要考慮數字貨幣的積極面:美聯儲威廉姆斯：重要的是要考慮數字貨幣的積極面，同時也要考慮消費者、投資者和金融穩定的風險。（金十）[2021/10/22 20:48:04]

March 16, 2022

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

美聯儲卡普蘭：加密貨幣尚未被廣泛用作支付手段:美聯儲卡普蘭表示，將加密貨幣與和基礎貨幣掛鉤的數字貨幣區分開來是值得的。 加密貨幣尚未被廣泛用作支付手段。如果加密貨幣廣泛用于支付，我們和其他監管機構將對此進行仔細研究。（金十）[2021/5/22 22:30:55]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

美聯儲：將基準利率維持在0%-0.25%不變:美聯儲FOMC發布聲明稱，將基準利率維持在0%-0.25%不變，將超額準備金利率維持在0.1%不變。委員們一致同意此次的利率決定。美聯儲FOMC承諾使用所有工具以支撐美國經濟，承諾繼續進行大規模隔夜和定期回購操作。（金十）[2020/4/30]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

動態 | 美聯儲下調利率 加密貨幣社交媒體期待BTC會受益:如預期那樣，美聯儲降低利率并指出了今年年底的另一次降息，加密貨幣社交媒體期待BTC會因此受益。分析指出，在過去三年利率上升至2.5％的高峰后，此次降息似乎將延續美聯儲新的量化寬松時期。降息意味著隨后推動流動性，但也可能削弱美元匯率。量化寬松可能意味著以美元計算的BTC價格甚至更高。在降息前一天，美聯儲不得不干預隔夜貸款市場的流動性注入。一系列事件和付款時間表以及較低的隔夜存款意味著銀行因其即時運營而無法獲得短期信貸。在2008年，在歐元區，流動性的這種干涸是危機深化的先兆之一，這導致歐洲央行將利率降至零并使其保持低位十多年。在那十年間，從2008年末到2019年，BTC做出了一些引人注目的舉動。現在，BTC進入另一個與早期危機略有相似的時期。從短期來看，BTC價格走弱，在9894美元附近交易，但人們仍然期待更多的戲劇性拉升。（cryptovest）[2019/9/19]

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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